Web Privacy Policy | Nondiscrimination Statement. Iowa City, IA 52242-1089, Editor: Henry Hoffman, MD Products CT of the sinuses is now widely available and is performed in a relatively short time, especially when compared to. Q Keep in mind that the images provided are based on the anatomy at the time of CT scan and the surgical anatomy may have changed prior to the start of the procedure (resolution/progression of infection, change in size of masses, etc). provide additional information about tumors of the nasal cavity and sinuses. The CT paranasal sinus protocolserves as an examination for the assessment of the study of the mucosa and bone system of the sinonasal cavities. CT Sinus, Facial Bones, Orbits, Temporal Bones, Maxilla CPT Codes 1. Discuss the fees associated with your prescribed procedure with your doctor, the medical facility staff and/or your insurance provider to get a better understanding of the possible charges you will incur. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. With pediatric patients, a parent may be allowed in the room but may need to wear a lead apron to minimize radiation exposure. landmark ge ombl siemens breathing scouts ap and lateral parameter scan start below mandible end above frontal sinuses dfov 18 prep group ge siemens indication trauma / face pain oral prep scan 1. non-contrast recon 0.625mm or 1.25mm axial recon - bone algorithm 1.25mm axial recon - standard algorithm 4 0 obj The anatomy will certainly change with the progression of the procedure. Immunocompromised persons and smokers are at increased risk for serious sinusitis complications. Having reliable and of ct sinus ct scan images below, the bowel surgery, but clear liquid after. Persistent or progressive symptoms after maximal medical therapy, in combination with CT evidence of paranasal sinus disease, should prompt referral. The CT images and direct views from the endoscope are visualized throughout the procedure. Wanted to be landmarx try a much lower radiation exposures for the symptoms may need while remaining at the site. Scanning and registration protocols that enable accuracy StealthMerge ENT software that fuses different imaging modalities (CT, MRI) together for improved visualization Instruments that are designed and calibrated for use in image-guided surgery Benefits of image-guided surgery for ENT procedures The data were displayed at soft-tissue (450 H, 50 H), bone (4000 H, 1100 H), and intermediate (2500 H, 250 H) 2013; 149(1):17-29. CT of the brain with Lorenz protocol. No radiation remains in a patient's body after a CT exam. There is always a slight chance of cancer from excessive exposure to radiation. These occur as the CT scanner's internal parts, not usually visible to you, revolve around you during the imaging process. Each IGS instrument should be registered and evaluated prior to utilization. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. The CT scan used in our office can detect a variety of things including nasal polyps, inflammation or infection of the sinuses, and fluid-filled sinuses. Figure 3A, 3B shows the CT appearance after FESS. endobj The patient is a 45-year-old healthy white man with longstanding right-sided nasal obstruction associated with postnasal discharge and cheek pressure. CT of the head with fiducials. Illustrated by: Timothy McCulloch, MD, Copyright The University of Iowa. (2021), CT NCAP (neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis), left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal interventions, gluteus minimus/medius tendon calcific tendinopathy barbotage, lateral cutaneous femoral nerve of the thigh injection, common peroneal (fibular) nerve injection, metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) injection. Strauss G, et al. MRI scans take considerably longer to accomplish than CT scans and may be difficult to obtain in patients who are claustrophobic. Ct head protocols 1. . It can even generate three-dimensional images. How the Test is Performed `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ 6 0 obj At the time the article was created Fabio Macori had no recorded disclosures. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ The University of Iowa does not recommend or endorse any specific tests, physicians, products, procedures, opinions, or other information that may be mentioned on this web site. CT Landmark Sinus without IV Contrast 70486 Pre-Surgical Scan- Sinus . 150 to 400 HU). Sinusitis is one of the most common diseases treated by primary care physicians. 256 Slice CT - Updated 01-25-2022 Sinus: Medtronic Sinus. CT contrast injection and protocols. Cedars-Sinai 's S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center has a team of specialists . Auris Nasus Larynx. The technologist may ask you to hold your breath during the scanning. The AAO-HNS website regarding surgical navigation was reaffirmed 12/8/2012: CT scan of the paranasal sinuses with Stealth protocol should be ordered prior to the patients surgery date. When the computer software reassembles the image slices, the result is a very detailed multidimensional view of the body's interior. The CT protocol itself is based on certain technical parameters, and the patient wouldn't notice any difference between Stealth CT protocol and standard CT protocol. You may need to remove any piercings, if possible. This study should be downloaded from the server or onto a CD to be taken to the OR. This imaging review will illustrate the normal anatomy of the olfactory system and . Tell your doctor about all medications you are taking and if you have any allergies. For a CT scan of the sinuses, the patient is most commonly positioned lying flat on the back. The patient is a 20-year-old healthy man with an upper respiratory tract infection that has lasted two weeks. The actual CT scan takes less than a minute and the entire process is usually completed within 10 minutes. With few exceptions, neck CT should be performed with intravenous contrast material . FIND RELIEF. A major advantage of CT is its ability to image bone, soft tissue, and blood vessels all at the same time. Deviated Septum The nasal septum has cartilage and bone that divide your nose's nasal cavity in two. Learn more about our additional products for FESS and their potential benefits for you and your patients. In addition, in the case of planned surgery, imaging can provide the surgeon with necessary information regarding any anatomical variants and allow the diagnosis of clinically silent diseases, e.g. The CT scanner is typically a large, donut-shaped machine with a short tunnel in the center. In some protocols we always want to give the maximum dose of 150cc, like when you are looking for a pancreatic carcinoma or liver metastases. . Or, they may be over the weight limitusually 450 poundsfor the moving table. It is usually performed as a non-contrast study. If you have a known allergy to contrast material, your doctor may prescribe medications (usually a steroid) to reduce the risk of an allergic reaction. Copyright 2023 American Academy of Family Physicians. A radiologist, a doctor specially trained to supervise and interpret radiology exams, will analyze the images. Radiology department of the Rijnland Hospital in Leiderdorp, the Netherlands. For example, sometimes a parent wearing a lead shield may stay in the room with their child. However, the technologist will always be able to see, hear and speak with you through a built-in intercom system. An advanced navigation protocol for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. MRI allows better differentiation of soft tissue structures within the sinuses. For better definition of the neoplasm, an MRI scan was obtained. 2012;126(12):1224-1230. CT is the most reliable imaging technique for determining if the sinuses are obstructed. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ You can return to your normal activities immediately. You may lie on your back, or you may lie face-down with your chin raised. Neuroradiology CT Protocols N 1: Head CT without contrast N 1C: Pre- and post-contrast head CT N 2: Head CT angiography . Medtronic offers more than 5,000 products and instruments for ENT specialists. A total of 31 children and 84 adults were included in the analysis. For children, the radiologist will adjust the CT scanner technique to their size and the area of interest to reduce the radiation dose. <> Disadvantages of MRI include high false-positive findings, poor bony imaging, and higher cost. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Commonly Used CPT Codes for CT | Harrison Imaging Centers . A typical CT of the paranasal sinus may be as follows: Typical indications include the following: The purpose of a CT scan of the paranasal sinuses is to visualize the possible presence of inflammatory or newly formed tissue in the context of the paranasal cavities. The purpose of this review is to illustrate important anatomic variants and landmarks on the preoperative sinus CT with a focus on those that predispose patients to surgical complications. These medications must be taken 12 hours prior to your exam. CT is usually the first test ordered when a sinus tumor is suspected. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Mucoceles are usually round hypodense lesions in CT scan commonly associated with sinus wall expansion and erosion (8, 16,18) . This website does not provide cost information. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ All Rights Reserved. endobj Risk factors for complicated infections include prolonged tobacco use and chronic occupational exposure to wood dust, nickel, or chrome pigment. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Tell your doctor if there's a possibility you are pregnant and discuss any recent illnesses, medical conditions, medications you're taking, and allergies. These lines help ensure that you are in the correct position on the exam table. Two pulses of oral steroids produced a prolonged response that was again only temporary. Image 5: The power station is secured to the bed with the EMG cord plugged in (shown here), along with the power cord and base unit connection cords (see fig. /X4 Do This will pass. Does anyone have some insight on this? Some CT exams will require you to remove hearing aids and removable dental work. ragweed pollen (RWP) administration, progressing toward allergic airway inflammation (AI). Plain radiography, if used at all, should be reserved for patients with persistent symptoms despite appropriate treatment. implants, specific indications. Thus, it should be utilized as the adjunct and should not be viewed as a substitute for surgical knowledge and anatomical familiarity with the surgical region. A CT of the sinus can help your physician to assess any injury, infection or other abnormalities. Noncontrast coronal computed tomographic (CT) images can define the nasal anatomy much more precisely. Follow-up exams are often the best way to see if treatment is working or if a problem needs attention. q /XObject <>>> Number along the monitor exactly where a soft tissue or the sinuses. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ For some systems, a special mask or markers are placed on the patient's face during the scan to serve as reference points. 4000 HU), soft tissue kernel (e.g. Image-guided sinus surgery: practical and financial experiences from a UK centre 2001-2009. Masterson L, et al. Meta-analyses on commercial image-guided navigation systems suggest a reduction in major complications during endoscopic sinus surgery compared with non-image guided procedures. endstream The paranasal sinuses are hollow, air-filled spaces located within the bones of the face and surrounding the nasal cavity, a system of air channels connecting the nose with the back of the throat. If neoplasia is suspected, the use of an intravenous contrast medium is indicated. If you have a known allergy to contrast material, your doctor may prescribe medications to reduce the risk of an allergic reaction. Localising olfactory pathology can present a challenge to the reporting radiologist. 256 Slice CT - Updated 01-25-2022 Head: Temporal Bones. While it is most frequently used by the Otolaryngology service for endoscopic sinus surgery, it can also be utilized for skull base or other H/N cancer cases, ophthalmology, neurosurgical, and joint procedures involving these services. In the rare cases of serious complications from sinusitis, such as orbital or intracranial spread of infection, subspecialist referral is prudent. The radiologist will send an official report to the doctor who ordered the exam. Rhinology 49: 429-437, 2011. Image-guided navigation systems used in endoscopic sinus surgery have shown a reduction in the need for revision surgeries. %PDF-1.4 Contrast agents may be injected before scanning Contiguous, non-overlapping slices Constant slice thickness Axial slices His ears were clear by otoscopy, and his nasal examination revealed a right-sided septal deviation. Advances in diagnostic imaging techniques (e.g., computed tomographic [CT] scan and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) have enhanced the understanding and management of sinusitis. The CT paranasal sinus protocol serves as an examination for the assessment of the study of the mucosa and bone system of the sinonasal cavities. It's also the most reliable imaging technique for determining if the sinuses are obstructed and the best imaging modality for sinusitis. See permissionsforcopyrightquestions and/or permission requests. Managing Editors: Sarah Elliott, Kay Klein, Claire Davis Balloon sinus surgery performed in-office with the Nuvent EM Sinus Dilation System is a minimally invasive procedure to open and drain blocked sinuses. Next-Generation Surgical Navigation Systems in Sinus and Skull Base Surgery. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ It is the best imaging modality for sinusitis. 21151 Pomerantz Family Pavilion Carver College of Medicine CT Assessment of Sinuses Before FESS The radiologist's role is to report on five key Image-guided surgery (IGS) is the use of a real-time correlation of the operative field to a preoperative imaging data set that reflects the precise location of a selected surgical instrument to the surrounding anatomic structures. Surgical 3D Head. 70481- CT Orbits with contrast 3. Examples of appropriate cases listed by the academy include, but at not limited to: Distorted sinus anatomy of development, postoperative or traumatic origin, Extensive sinonasal polyposis: pathology involving the frontal, posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, Disease abutting the skull base, orbit, optic nerve or carotid artery, CSF rhinorrhea or conditions where there is a confirmed or suspected skull base defect. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) - SINUSES Computed tomography (CT) of the sinuses uses special x-ray equipment to evaluate the paranasal sinus cavities - hollow, air- filled spaces within the bones of the face surrounding the nasal cavity. Because of the progression of his headaches, a maxillofacial and head CT scan was obtained, revealing acute sinusitis with frontal epidural abscess (Figure 2). Medications (specific to nursing) 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. When the ENT doctor orders a Landmark and 3D we will bill 76377 (3D) and 77011 (Landmarks). He also had a large air cell (i.e., con-cha bullosa) within the left middle turbinate, which likely contributed to obstruction of ostia draining adjacent sinuses (Figure 1, part B). Next, the table will move quickly through the scanner to determine the correct starting position for the scans. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ In many ways, a CT scan works like other x-ray exams. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ 74170, 72194, 76376 Ste nt Protocol Question of: diverticulitis, appendicitis, abscess, cancer, prior abdominal surgery. CT is less sensitive to patient movement than MRI. inbqo@O[nF{su:t(//A (hA222=h)D'@/w8}{aaaEB[xxeqJyg-w3h7 . Sinusitis is one of the most common conditions encountered by primary care physicians, accounting for approximately 25 million office visits annually1 and costing more than $2 billion annually in direct medical expenses.2,3 According to the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, sinusitis is the fifth most common medical diagnosis for which antibiotics are prescribed.4,5. The CT scan data will be used as an interactive anatomy "road map" for Stealth device guided surgery. d ;w&$@B!Cp "**((((+.x,f_Ut:3==!(/3SzI"D!BHp!~"DC {Wgd\I-[lm/~{C}ac}8qF=zP+{{v!~aaak 7fyw]Z!B,X7x7b\ID@acO?) 70486- CT Maxillofacial without contrast CT scan of the paranasal sinuses with Stealth protocol should be ordered prior to the patients surgery date. CT imaging is sometimes compared to looking into a loaf of bread by cutting the loaf into thin slices. CT Protocols Frequently used policies (MCN links) Creatinine Testing Prior to Injecting Intravenous Iodinated Contrast Media Iodinated Contrast Administration in Patients Receiving Metformin Management of Acute Contrast Reactions IV Contrast Extravasation Patient Sedation Guidelines for Periprocedural Coagulation Management Post Mortem CT `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ At the time the article was last revised Joshua Yap had CT scanning is painless, noninvasive and accurate. A CT scan of the face produces images that also show a patient's paranasal sinus cavities. The bone algorithm was used in all cases [15]. Stealth 7 (S7): Utilized in the main OR at UIHC. How the Test is Performed. Image-guided surgery influences perioperative morbidity from endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CT scanning is painless, noninvasive and accurate. If you have a hard time staying still, are claustrophobic, or have chronic pain, you may find a CT exam to be stressful. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ CT because of the universal sinus CT protocol, total saving was estimated as $142,162, which translated to $147,628 when adjusted for inflation. Interpreting findings seen at CT of the neck is challenging owing to the complex and nuanced anatomy of the neck, which contains multiple organ systems in a relatively small area. There is an x-ray tube and electronic x-ray detectors that are located opposite each other inside the ring, which is called the gantry. 5 0 obj Depending on the type of CT scan, the machine may make several passes. Brain (CTA) Brain (helical adult) CTA Carotid and Brain. He continued his nasal steroids and systemic decongestants, and began nasal saline irrigations (recipe: 1 quart water, 2 teaspoons salt, 1 teaspoon baking soda). I'm not a radiologist but I believe it has to do with overlaying the images in a particular manner and the use of specialized software. Practice Essentials. Evaluation of a navigation system for ENT with surgical efficiency criteria. 256 Slice CT - Updated 01-25-2022 Sinus: R/O Mass. Able to normal, ct sinus landmarx protocol: sedo nor does not to perform cosmetic and only your browser that use during a pain in prevention. This study should be downloaded from the server or onto a CD to be taken to the OR. Image 3: The equipment shown here is required for the positioning the Electromagnetic Field Generator (EMG seen in figure 4) within the space adjacent to the surgical field. However. Patient Position: Supine. You may feel warm or flushed as the contrast is injected. The doctor may administer contrast material intravenously (by vein), so you will feel a pin prick when the nurse inserts the needle into your vein. CT paranasal sinus (protocol). x@Qhm@0%\&'HD(qQCn,nG>ioR}lwlk~lo x8v?f\[/v]d\m~yKl;~L~~ncOxpb,}0Ng|n}08OSD_@@@@@t2?~axNO|vw7}0sgAew-xW q>6>w7Wrn sm@@@@@g>GnG?'@uX x[o~7|'l_/}@t_c_v@@@@@.5>O7ao/?FA?[c}R}qO?45}O,5G[?n{=]_T_Yo!ISK5h_|0x>h\_TAov/O}yiNn_)4X>y+OW? `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Copyright 2023 Radiological Society of North America, Inc. (RSNA). The quality of the CT or CBCT scan is the most important aspect of creating `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Please contact your physician with specific medical questions or for a referral to a radiologist or other physician. A sinus ct looks at the bone and soft tissue of the several facial sinus cavities. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ From May 2019 to December 2019, a total of 115 CT scans were selected for analysis, of which 47 were standard protocols CT scans and 68 were 3D navigation protocols CT scans. Though the scanning itself causes no pain, there may be some discomfort from having to remain still for several minutes. KOLAWOLE S. OKUYEMI, M.D., M.P.H., AND TERANCE T. TSUE, M.D. Our CT scanner uses cone beam technology to focus just on the sinuses. You may need to change into a gown for the procedure. The IGS serves as a useful tool in assisting with difficult areas, but the system itself is inherent to built in and user error. . This allows us to minimize radiation while providing a high tech three-dimensional image of the sinuses. This loss of image quality can resemble the blurring seen on a photograph taken of a moving object. The optical capability refers to the infrared light based camera that monitors reflections from the spheres placed on the surgical instrumentation. Fusion: Standalone, electromagnetic based ENT image guidance system. Some imaging tests and treatments have special pediatric considerations. An intranasal biopsy revealed an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses. Uncomplicated cases of sinusitis are most often treated empirically based on findings from the history and physical examination. We hope you find this useful and would appreciate any comments or suggestions that you might have. What is CT (Computed Tomography) of the Sinuses? At the time of surgery, the system is taken to the OR and the CT scan can be viewed on the monitor while the surgeon inserts a special probe into the nose. The surgeon should ensure the desired patient, date of study, and anatomical location are obtained. Sometimes, the exam table will move during the scan. Safety in X-ray, Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Procedures, Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer, evaluate sinuses that are filled with fluid or thickened sinus. NB: This article aims to frame a general concept of a CT protocol for the assessment of the paranasal sinuses. Learn how we can help 5.8k views Reviewed >2 years ago Thank Dr. Mazen Ghani agrees 4 thanks Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. DISCUSSION The use of a universal sinus CT protocol for both intraoperative navigation and routine diagnostic imag-ing represents an easily overlooked opportunity for eliminating redundant imaging. He had a slight right cheek swelling visible externally. The most common reason referral for sub-specialty care is considered is failure of medical management for chronic or recurrent sinusitis. Image 1: AxiEM System powerbox with cords for connecting to the base unit. ENT Navigation Solutions The IGS instrumentation and registration protocols will vary with based on the brand and model of the system used. Unable to process the form. The CT images are then processed and then downloaded onto the computer where all 3 sinus views are displayed simultaneously on a monitor in the operating room along with the endoscopic view. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Laryngoscope. Image guidance provides surgeons with a more detailed view of intra-cranial and extra-cranial structures such as . After the ostiomeatal complex is accessed through the nostril with a rigid endoscope, the ostia and recesses are targeted, depending on the location and pattern of disease. . Then, the table will move slowly through the machine for the actual CT scan. CT of the sinuses can help plan the safest and most effective surgery. The hand denotes child-specific content. See the CT Safety During Pregnancypage for more information. Anterior ethmoid sinuses exhibit no mucosal disease. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) affords radiologists the opportunity to prospectively identify anatomic variants that predispose patients to major surgical complications; however, these critical variants are not consistently evaluated or documented on preoperative imaging reports. Although air-fluid levels and complete opacification of a sinus are more specific for sinusitis, they are only seen in 60 percent of cases. xQ_GMBfhf=9uv:'n-bL'7>|_>%QQw? }K?~_fTP~z~}]_[{>>O{>;1*m7o|[v7?o\?z^1R_'mTz|||xxoo_^~wQQoWn__?7*_:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fef2$NeH2$N\D)~eNWe1(;5c!QvjYDm"(;57eH:eHZLpeTeH1(;5c!Qvj,C!Qvj2$N(;u(;uYDS{2$NmYDI-C/Czg(;*CYDS3fe&S!Qv_DUDk2$NeHc!Qvj2$NMje|e;\D)Uef2$NeH1(;u7yeHZ'S2$N2$N]c!Qvj,CSD!QvjnR(;u(;2$N(;5c!Qvj,CYD+C:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fef2$NeH2$N\D)~eNWe1(;5c!QvjYDm"(;57eH:eHZLpeTeH1(;5c!Qvj,C!Qvj2$N(;u(;uYDS{2$NmYDI-C/Czg(;*CYDS3fe&S!Qv_DUDk2$NeHc!Qvj2$NMje|e;\D)Uef2$NeH1(;u7yeHZ'S2$N2$N]c!Qvj,CSD!QvjnR(;u(;2$N(;5c!Qvj,CYD+C:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fef2$NeH2$N\D)~eNWe1(;5c!QvjYDm"(;57eH:eHZLpeTeH1(;5c!Qvj,C!Qvj2$N(;u(;uYDS{2$NmYDI-C/Czg(;*CYDS3fe&S!Qv_DUDk2$NeHc!Qvj2$NMje|e;\D)Uef2$NeH1(;u7yeHZ'S2$N2$N]c!Qvj,CSD!QvjnR(;u(;2$N(;5c!Qvj,CYD+C:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fef2$NeH2$N\D)~eNWe1(;5c!QvjYDm"(;57eH:eHZLpeTeH1(;5c!Qvj,C!Qvj2$N(;u(;uYDS{2$NmYDI-C/Czg(;*CYDS3fe&S!Qv_DUDk2$NeHc!Qvj2$NMje|e;\D)Uef2$NeH1(;u7yeHZ'S2$N2$N]c!Qvj,CSD!QvjnR(;u(;2$N(;5c!Qvj,CYD+C:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fef2$NeH2$N\D)~eNWe1(;5c!QvjYDm"(;57eH:eHZLpeTeH1(;5c!Qvj,C!Qvj2$N(;u(;uYDS{2$NmYDI-C/Czg(;*CYDS3fe&S!Qv_DUDk2$NeHc!Qvj2$NMje|e;\D)Uef2$NeH1(;u7yeHZ'S2$N2$N]c!Qvj,CSD!QvjnR(;u(;2$N(;5c!Qvj,CYD+C:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fef2$NeH2$N\D)~eNWe1(;5c!QvjYDm"(;57eH:eHZLpeTeH1(;5c!Qvj,C!Qvj2$N(;u(;uYDS{2$NmYDI-C/Czg(;*CYDS3fe&S!Qv_DUDk2$NeHc!Qvj2$NMje|e;\D)Uef2$NeH1(;u7yeHZ'S2$N2$N]c!Qvj,CSD!QvjnR(;u(;2$N(;5c!Qvj,CYD+C:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fe0 D There are four pairs of sinuses, each connected to the nasal cavity by small openings. When the exam is complete, the technologist will ask you to wait until they verify that the images are of high enough quality for accurate interpretation by the radiologist. Ahn S, et al. Use of CT is typically reserved for difficult cases or to define anatomy prior to sinus surgery. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ With an updated browser, you will have a better Medtronic website experience. The system displays the images on a computer monitor. University of Iowa Please type your comment or suggestion into the text box below.