The paper critically examined the Ekpe society in its indigenous form and nature prior the advent of Christianity, Western education and Western influence. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. Originally, the Efik obtained slaves by going to war with other communities or creating confusion in other communities. the Ekpe society. [69] On the appending of the Ekpe institution to its list of secret societies, the Ekpe society was reformed and adapted to suit the needs of the Efik people. That is why Sisiku Ojong Orock after consultation with the other Ekpe members and Sisiku Mfonten Mbu decided to acquire his own Nkanda Lodge in April 2003. Prior to the introduction of industrialised cubic-shaped seasonings such as maggi and know, Crayfish was used to make meals more spicy. Some of the musical instruments that are important in the culture we have discussed are: the bala (balaphon), a kind of xylophone, and the kora, a gourd harp. Aye dates the arrival of the Efik in Creek Town to the fourteenth century. Letters were also sent by King Eyo Honesty II to introduce missionaries and technocrats into the country with emphasis on the latter. Here are 8 prominent cults and secret societies in Africa The Ekpe Society or Mgbe society as it is also fondly called is very reputable and covers a wider range of ethnic groups such as: the Efut; the Efik; the Qua-Ejegham, and the Okonko ( the Igbo-speaking areas). [52] On the death of Chief Willy Tom Robins, a number of rituals were performed. kp philosophy is grounded in "Cross River region concepts of community that include the living, the ancestors, and the land itself" [ Ekpe being] "a school for esoteric teachings [ revealing] ideal stages in a person's life [ in their growth to] maturity within their communities [ framing terrestrial experience within the context of the It is not just because of its spiritual or cultic functions but for the fact that the institution was a pre-colonial police judiciary system (Bassey, 1998). [44] The Ekpe society is the most renowned traditional institution in Efik history. PDF Hood MuseuM of Art, dArtMoutH College The Social Significance and Implications of the Ekpe - PhilArchive What I want for dollar side is a fine coat and sword all same I tell you and the rest in copper rods. [74][75] She or he is a random of nature, a result of mixed up and confused spiritual genetics. [61] These papers were signed by the reigning monarchs of Creek town and Duke town who were Eyo Honesty II and Eyamba V.[61] King Eyamba and King Eyo had written letters to the British requesting that they bring in teachers to teach them trade and commerce and missionaries to aid them to know more about God. The masquerade tradition itself is most popular in Calabar and the Oron nation of Udung-Ukko, Mbo, Urue-Offong Oruko, Okobo, as well as the Eket and Uruan local government areas in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria, and even western Cameroon. (Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death). The Ekpe Masquerade Jun. Sunjata's half-brother, Dankaran Touman, enrages Sunjata and nearly causes civil war by: murdering an innocent young man, thinking he is Sunjata. [82] The Portuguese are said to have arrived in masted ships. Some other clothings introduced into the market include smit, brutanya, isadh and nkisi. The earliest proponent of the Igbo origin was William Baikie who stated in his 1856 publication, "All the coast dialects from One to Old Kalabar, are, either directly or indirectly, connected with Igbo, which later Dr Latham informs me is certainly related to the Kafir class". Opinions expressed belong solely to the author and do not represent the views of other Members, Management, or the Community at large. The cult members are usually violent and self-destructive to the point of committing suicide. . They give me thesum of $1,200,000 and many thing. Efik names were often anglicised to gain the trust of European traders. She said as a member of the Ekpe Society of the Efiks, she participates in the Ekpe activities. [69] The Ekpe spirit cannot be seen by the uninitiated and is represented by Idem Iquo, a masquerade dressed in Esk, a multicoloured costume decorated with other traditional accoutrements. [49] Several events at Creek town later led to a wave of migration from Creek town to Duke town. Iwewe is a type of boiled yam mashed with a small amount of palm oil and stirred with a spoon. It is a male-only society, and members are bound by secrecy. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors ( ikan ). LEFT Ekpe cage during Ikot Ekpe ritual in 2009. of Old Calabar by the Ekpe secret society, which was controlled by the towns merchant houses. The images, ideology, and secrecy associated with kp have been studied for more than one hundred years, and yet crucial features of the history of kp and its transformation have been neglected. Refworld | Nigeria: A cult known as Ekpe na Mboko History The Ekoi people, while all speaking the same language, have not tended to live in complete unison. Animals such as goats, chicken and dogs are consumed in Efik cuisine. [52] The missionaries respected the native law but the European Captains acted rashly and desired that an example be set on Obutong. [50] Okoho Efiom bore twins whose paternal parentage have often been debated. Working with both kp and Abaku leaders, he has documented the foundation of the society in 19th . laja Tachiri Obi Ruo gwgw: O Nyefere lasha r Ya The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. Aye, Originally Ekpe Fraternity was for religious purposes, but as the Calabar community became complicated owing to the new wealth which the early trade with Europeans brought it was. [81] Alcoholic content may be increased via adding the red bark of Edat (Sacoglottis gabonensis) to the wine. Probably about 8000 BC one group reached Nigeria by an overland route and settled at Ibom (Arochuku) there they erected the famous shrine now known as the Long Juju of Arochuku. [5] The Efik refer to themselves as Efik Eburutu, Ifa Ibom, Eburutu and Iboku. The process of creating this richly symbolic cloth is laborious. Photo by Jordan Fenton. Efik people - Wikipedia In the culture we have discussed, the term badenya refers to: the relationship between the mother and child, and full siblings - implying closeness, trust, cooperation, unselfishness, and acceptance of rules. [11] Ibonda (an Efut clan) has sometimes been appended to Adiabo as one of the seven Efik clans. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. [15] This theory appears to be isolated as other Ibibio writers do not narrate that such terms were used by the Ibibio. Free masons were originally an ancient Egyptian fraternity of builders, with Imhotep, as their founder and chief sculptor. Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. [61] Due to the fall in global demand for slaves and several other factors, the kings and chiefs of Old Calabar wrote to the British requesting that they send teachers and missionaries to Old Calabar to establish industries and introduce the religion of the white man to them. kp lodges ruled local communities while also managing regional and long-distance trade. Sample Translation: The Sacred Language of the Abaku - JSTOR Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as [76] Palm wine is acquired by making an incision on the palm tree, a process known as "tapping". The Freemasonry's affiliation to the Imhotep is clearly evident and this is probably why they are accused of several conspiracy theories, since their objective is geared towards the restructuring and controlling of global affairs. two young foreign men to whom she gives the power to defeat her. Right now, Ekpe . part of the Balondos or Orokos in Ndian in Southern Cameroon) and Idombi (ie present town, called Bamusso in Ndian-Southern . Photo by Eli Bentor. Posted on March 01, 2015 Among the Southern Igbo, the Ekpe society, introduced from the Cross River area, uses contrasting masks to represent the maiden spirit and the elephant spirit, the latter representing ugliness and aggression and the former representing beauty and peacefulness. Nsibidi: The Original Nigerian Writing Script - Culture (3) - Nigeria I bought a $140,000 mobile home in a million-dollar LA neighborhood and love it. Members are bound by oath of secrecy, and fees on entrance are payable. [59] Ekpe is first mentioned in the historical literature of Old Calabar in the 1770s. The Prestigious Ekpe Masquerade of Calabar | ngEmbassy [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century. The society is somewhat akin to a free mason group and does some unofficial law enforcement. It was technically part of Nigeria, according to history, which was the reason we had the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC). Welcome, Love, Peace and Unity in Nsibidi. Dropping by to say, "Hi!" Among these cuisines include Ekpang nkukwo, Edikang Ikong, Afia efere, Anyan Ekpang, Afang soup and several others. Here are 8 prominent cults and secret societies in Africa. Upon leaving the Cameroon territory, the Ibibio arrived at their present location following two major directions. [72] Iwewe is also regarded as a sacrificial meal often prepared for the Efik deities. Ekpe members request nsibidi designs of personal or communal significance. [52] The breach of agreement to halt such practices was punished by blowing Ekpe on Obutong and forbidding funeral rites of the chief until the murderers were brought to justice. [32] The men were wet and complained of hunger and fatigue. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. The practice and display of Ekpe masquerade have been modified. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. [51] The Enwang people moved to the present site of Henshaw town.[51]. Several types of English dresses were introduced to Efik women such as the Victorian dresses known in Efik as nyny. One theory asserts that Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai and other co-founders founded Obutong after one of Eyo Ema's people was killed during a wrestling match with Ukpong Atai at Creek town. The year 1841 marked the official signing of papers by Efik kings to stop the exportation of slaves from Old Calabar. Lawino says that her husband's house is a "dark forest of _______________________". (PDF) Evaluating the Place of the Ekpe Traditional Institution as a The Ekpe society had become, by the time Antera Duke began his diary in 1785, the Efik's primary socio-political institution. [17] Some oral accounts by early Efik men also support the Igbo origin of the Efik. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. and Dahomean towns, and among the tribes of Congo and the Cameroon.17 According to the same author, Ngbe, was another society influenced by the Ekoi and originally considered Egb [Ekp]. Among these laws were the Abolition of twin-killings, abolition of the esere bean ordeal, abolition of human sacrifices and several other practices. Among these missionaries were Rev. A list of some of Africa's most prominent cults and secret societies of all time. The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. "[18] References to the Igbo origin of the Efik were also made at the Hart's enquiry into the Obongship dispute where Etubom Efiom Obo Effanga asserted that the term "Iboku" meant quarrelsome Igbos. Select search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources The Ekpe-men are ranked in seven or nine grades, for promotion to each of which fresh initiation ceremonies, fees and oaths are necessary.[1]. [46] On their exit from Obutong, they are believed to have sought the permission of Oku Atai to use the Ntinya. Several theories have been propounded on the origin of the word. It proved to be the source of supreme authority in all Efik towns, and its institutions provided, in the past, the highest court whose verdicts transcended all else. Collection of Eli Bentor. History of the Ekpe masquerade and secret society of the Efik people They migrated from Bateka and settled in their current location in flight. [77] The fibre of the leaf-stalk of a palm was made into a thread and woven to make clothes and bags. PDF The Origin of Ekpe Masquerade and the Nsibidi symbols in Southern Ukara: Ritual Cloth of the Ekpe Secret Society - YouTube The Ekale and their famous shaking shoulders performing at the "Under the Volcano Festival", Limbe Cameroon. [65] Although the missionaries and rulers of Creek town and Duke town protested, their protests fell on deaf ears. JavaScript is disabled. how to get a towing contract with geico university of west london ranking world university of west london ranking world [72] [49] Prior to the arrival of the Efiom Ekpo group, oral tradition has it that when some Efik migrated to Creek town from Ndodoghi, The Enwang did not join them but migrated to the present site of Duke town. [67] Communities within the Calabar metropolis such as Efut, Kiong and Qua also speak and understand the Efik language. Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations "Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating Indigenous Systems of Conflict Resolution into the Formal System of Government Administration in Cameroon: Case Study of the Ekpe Society of Manyu Division Stephen O. Agbor, Nova Southeastern University Follow Date of Award 2017 Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . We are about loving, encouraging, embracing, teaching, and building with black people. Many families sent their children to European captains to teach them English and the processes involved in the international trade. You been do very proper for we, and now we want to keep proper mouth. [45] What is most certain is that the Efik arrived Creek Town led by Edidem Eyo Ema Atai together with Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai, Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai, Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo and several others. What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. In Amos Tutuola's The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator leaves his home and begins his adventure in the bush when: In the excerpt that we read from The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator and his wife encounter: In the Song of Lawino, by Okot p'Bitek, a woman speaks to: Lawino's husband's new wife is called _______________________(Either of two possible answers) in the text. This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. One account narrates that the Mbiabo group left first to their present location while the Iboku, Enwang and other clans were still at Ndodoghi. The Amama often appropriate hundreds of acres of palm trees for their own use and, with the profits they earn, ensure that their sons achieve comparable rank, which has the effect of limiting access to economic gain for other members of the community. Group members would disguise themselves as leopards, wearing leopard skins, carrying claw-like weapons, and attacking their prey. NSUWorks - Nova Southeastern University Institutional Repository Their king on the eastern Calabar coast was known as Ating Anua Efiom. The Efik acted as the middlemen between the European vessels and the inland slave traders. Modern Efik society is a melting pot of people of diverse origin. Long time we no look Man-of-War as Blount promise one Frenchman come make plenty palaver for slave when we can't get them. [38] The Efik bard Adiaha Etim Anua recites in her 1910 ballad that "Mkpana Ndodoghi Edik. As Sidney Kasfir has pointed to (in reference to the Ekpe society in southeastern Nigeria and adjoining Cameroon), material, performative, and ritual structures in masking are not fused together but can be used to different ends and can travel different paths ( Kasfir 2019: 15). I was very poorno job and I has no money to even feed and take care of myfamily I was confuse in life I dont know what to do I try allmy possible best to get money but no one work out for meeach day I share tears, I was just looking out my family nomoney to take care of them until one day I decided to jointhe great Illuminati , I come across them in the internet Inever believe I said let me try I email them.all what theysaid we happen in my life just started it was like a dream tome they really change my story totally . These artists sew the white cloths with raffia thread so that parts of the ukara (in a pattern of nsibidi symbols) will not be exposed during the dyeing process. [53] Aphrom was a corruption of Ephraim which was an anglicised form of the Efik name Efiom. Ukara are made exclusively for members of the Ekpe society, an interethnic men's association found throughout southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. ,sister Watz. Nsbd: An Indigenous Language of Communication in the Cross River Ed Keazor Follow Barrister-at-Law Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Ekpe cult, the leopard cult, and a male masquerade cult of the Efik, in cross river state of Nigeria, followed by Doomsday cult (prediction of total destruction of planet earth), then the. [53] It was common for Efik traders to take up trading names during the period of the transatlantic slave trade. [26][28] This theory was narrated at the Hart's enquiry by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku but has been criticised by Uruan writers such as Dominic Essien. ukara: Ritual Cloth of the Ekpe Society features the ukara cloth, a composite signifier of authority, prestige, sacrality, difference, and social mobility in the Ekpe secret society in the Cross river basin encompassing southeastern Nigeria and parts of Cameroon. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. By the 18th and 19th centuries, the Efik strategy for filling the international demand for slaves was via obtaining slaves from inland slave traders such as Eniong, Ndokki and Arochukwu. No disrespect allowed. The Ekpe society is estimated by most foreign scholars to have been introduced into Old Calabar in the 18th century. Ema Atai Ema Atai, Edidem, Biop sai." Nsibidi is a body of ideographic, abstract, and gestural signs deployed by the Ekpe society as a form of coded communication. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the Benue -Congo subfamily of the Niger - Congo language group. They believed feasting on a human strengthened their bonds. Due to the volume of cultural exchange, many other ethnic groups have often been regarded as being one with the Efik such as Kiong and Efut. The cloth is traditionally used as either a wrapper, worn by high- ranking members of Ekpe group who often . an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too Wake Keeping, Viewing and service in Dallas, Texas. Welcome to brotherhood Illuminati where you can becomerich famous and popular and your life story we be changetotally my name is Dan Jerry I am here to share mytestimony on how I join the great brotherhood Illuminatiand my life story was change immediately . There are said to be at least three mass migration from Ndodoghi. Goldie describes Eburutu as a country that consists of various ethnic groups. The Efik people are well known for a diverse number of cuisines. A reconsideration of kp and Abaku suggests an agenda for the study of kp in diaspora from a different perspective. Traditional societies and social change in Nigeria: a study of Ekpe . Another account from the Qua claimed that Ekpe (Mgbe) migrated from Cameroon.